Paris

"Biography." Fondation Le Corbusier. Pictures 1 & 2 .  (2018). This website is the Foundation of Le Corbusier. It was extremely helpful, because it contained an archive of hundreds of pictures. Along with the pictures it had short summaries or explanation of the photograph. It was nice to see authentic drawings, sketch-ups, models, and photos of Le Corbusier. The website also touched upon his thought process for certain designs and projects.

Chapman, Brian. “Baron Haussmann and the planning of Paris.” The Town Planning Review 24, no. 3 (1953): 177-196. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/1302047120?accountid=14945 This sources gave detailed insight into the personal background of Haussmann's employment history and of how his work in Paris was perceived by the city.

Comment: RENEWAL OR RENAISSANCE ? (1960). Official Architecture and Planning, 23(5), 199-199. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/44128693.This is an academic journal is comparing two different styles, renewal and renaissance. Although it is short and one parts of the book, the author gave us many information, relate the two styles to economic, buildings and towns.

Corbusier, Le. "The City of Tomorrow and its Planning, London: Architectural.-(1925): The Radiant City." (1929). This source was a primary source. It was nice to be able to reference and read Le Corbusier’s work. He summed up and made clear his envision for the Radiant City. This source was also helpful, because it had overlapping ideas with other urban plans he had especially for Paris. 

“Demographics of Paris.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 10 July 2018, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Paris. This demographic history of Paris was incredibly valuable. With useful charts, wealth and population maps, and history dating back to the beginning of Paris, this wikipedia page was a good check for comparisons in wealth and project placement, in reasons for population increase and decrease, and for population charts in general. 

Emmons, Paul. "The place of odour in modern aerial urbanism." The Journal of Architecture 19, no. 2 (2014): 202-215.. This source was an academic journal. The author specifically looked at the environmental and health aspect of Le Corbusier’s design. This source was helpful because it helped uncover Le Corbusier’s passiona and logic behind green space,windows, and sunlight into his design.

Gandy, M. (1999). The Paris Sewers and the Rationalization of Urban Space. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 24(1), 23-44. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/623339. This is an academic journal about the sewer system which is extremely important for urban planning. It is mainly discussed the alteration of sewer system from early 1860s until today, especially in the Second Empire of Napoleon III and  Haussmann era.

Jordan, David P. "The City: Baron Haussmann and Modern Paris." The American Scholar 61, no. 1 (1992): 99-106. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41211982. This sources gave insight to Haussmann's personal background and into the effects of his work in Paris.

Knox, Paul. Atlas of Cities. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2014. This sources provided concise summary of all of Haussmann's major work that then directed what topics to look into.

Moos, Stanislaus Von. Le Corbusier. Le Corbusier. Lumen,, 1977. This was a pamphlet for Le Corbusier’s Exhibit. It was helpful, because it was to the point with strict general facts. This source also had a timeline of Corbusier’s life and mini biography.

“Reinventer.paris.” Reinventing.paris / Competition for Innovative Urban Projects, www.reinventer.paris/2015-2016/en/.  This website was a primary source, and gave in depth descriptions on each of the projects chosen to be a part of 23 new, government-supported developments. The government bias was clear- these projects were presented as the epitome of good, but maps showed otherwise. 

Retrieved from http://imagebase.ubvu.vu.nl/cdm/ref/collection/krt/id/1763 This is a primary source which is a map of Paris published in 1553 by Olivier Truschet and Germain Hoya. It documents the growth of Paris within its medieval walls and the faubourgs beyond the walls.

Retrieved from https://gallica.bnf.fr/accueil/?mode=desktop. This is also a primary source which is a painting by Jean Froissart in 1475. The background architecture is the famous Cathedral of Notre Dame, it documents Arrival in Paris of the young Duke Louis II of Anjou and his mother Marie de Blois arrived in Paris, and a lot of citizens were welcoming in the 15th century.

“Strategic Planning in the Paris Region and French Urban Policy.” Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics, Elsevier, 3 July 2002, This Academic Journal synthesized a great deal of planning history into one academic journal, and approached the subject with a critical angle. Praising Paris for some expansions of transportation, yet picking at the flaws in their plans, this journal helped me truly understand the benefits and negative points of Paris' general plan of the 60's. 

“SDAURP De 1965.” WikiSara, routes.wikia.com/wiki/SDAURP_de_1965. This summary and translated version of the 1965 Paris Regional Plan was a wealth of knowledge for me in terms of legitimate plans in Paris' mass expansion of its transit system and work to expand the size of the usable city. 

Wettlaufer, Alexandra. "Haussmann's Paris Architecture." 19th Century France: A Visual Resource. Accessed July 30, 2018. https://www.laits.utexas.edu/wettlaufer/architecture/ This source provided images for many areas of Haussmann's work that included housing, sewers and circulation.